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Preface. Whereof one can speak, thereof one must speak completely.
Diagram 1. The circuit diagram of the brain
Diagram 2. The Family Tree of Emotions
Chapter 1. Memory
Ｑ1. What is the brain?
Ｑ2. What is happening in the brain?
Ｑ3. What is a key to the mystery of the brain?
Ｑ4. What kinds of memories are there?
Ｑ5. What is temporary memory?
Ｑ6. What is episodic memory?
Ｑ7. What is semantic memory?
Ｑ8. What is motor learning?
Ｑ9. What is priming effect?
Chapter 2. Language
Ｑ10. How does language work in the brain?
Ｑ11. What does language composed of?
Ｑ12. What is the minimum unit of thinking?
Ｑ13. What is the meaning of words?
Ｑ14. What is understanding?
Ｑ15. What is thinking?
Ｑ16. What kind of thing is the meaning of words
Ｑ17. What is name?
Ｑ18. What decide the meaning of words?
Ｑ19. What is the sound of language?
Ｑ20. What does the meaning of words develop?
Chapter 3. Logic
Ｑ21. What is working memory?
Ｑ22. What is happen in the brain when reasonig?
Ｑ23. What is the logical reasoning?
Ｑ24. Where is the problem in the spacetime?
Ｑ25. What method do you use to obtain the precise information?
Ｑ26. What is "why"?
Ｑ27. What is science?
Ｑ28. What is cause and effect?
Chapter 4. Emotion for action
Ｑ29. What sort of things are included in emotion?
Ｑ30. What role in evolution do emotions play?
Ｑ31. What is the relationship between emotions and a brain?
Ｑ32. What is emotional memory?
Ｑ33. How do emotions develop?
Ｑ34. What is interest?
Ｑ35. What is fun?
Ｑ36. What is boredom?
Ｑ37. What is humor?
Ｑ38. What is the essence of humor?
Ｑ39. What is infatuation?
Ｑ40. What is repulsion?
Ｑ41. What is beauty or ugly?
Ｑ42. What is depression?
Ｑ43. What is discrimination?
Ｑ44. What is art?
Chapter 5. Emotion for defense
Ｑ45. What is surprise?
Ｑ46. What is confusion?
Ｑ47. What is anger?
Ｑ48. What is shame?
Ｑ49. What is contempt?
Ｑ50. What is dissatisfaction?
Ｑ51. What is indignation?
Ｑ52. What is resentment?
Ｑ53. What is frustration?
Ｑ54. What is impatience?
Ｑ55. What is fear?
Ｑ56. What is relief?
Ｑ57. What is anxiety?
Ｑ58. What is awe?
Ｑ59. What is courage?
Chapter 6 Emotion for humanity
Ｑ60. What is love?
Ｑ61. What is happiness?
Ｑ62. What is honor?
Ｑ63. What is sorrow?
Ｑ64. What is loneliness?
Ｑ65. What is jealousy?
Ｑ66. What is hatred?
Ｑ67. What is pity?
Ｑ68. What is guilt?
Ｑ69. What is hope?
Ｑ70. What is disappointment?
Ｑ71. What is envy?
Ｑ72. What is self-confidence?
Ｑ73. What is helplessness?
Ｑ74. What is regret?
Ｑ75. What is joy?
Ｑ76. What is gratitude?
Ｑ77. What is abashment?
Ｑ78. What is God?
Chapter 7. Character
Ｑ79. What things you need to understand the other's mind?
Ｑ80. What is disposition?
Ｑ81. What is the difference between 4 characters?
Ｑ82. What is an acquired characteristic?
Chapter 8. Consciousness
Ｑ83. Why is there the brain?
Ｑ84. How did the concentration of mind emerged?
Ｑ85. What is memory?
Ｑ86. Is the brain exchangeable?
Ｑ87. What is mind?
Ｑ88. What is the relation between the brain and mind?
Ｑ89. What is the mind of plant or animals?
Ｑ90. What kinds of mind are there?
Ｑ91. What is the difference between the brain and computer?
Ｑ92. What is death?
Ｑ93. How many mind do you have?
Ｑ94. What is identity?
Ｑ95. What shape is mind?
Ｑ96. Where is mind?
Ｑ97. What is freewill?
Ｑ98. What is color?
Ｑ99. What is subjective world?
Ｑ100. What is matter?
Ｑ101. What is the universe?
references
2016年3月6日日曜日
Ｑ81. What is personality?
Personality is the strategies for dealing with conflict added to temperament.
A person's innate temperament does not change much but the ability to adjust it varies greatly. When several emotions are opposed to each other and a conflict occurs in the mind, the way different people deal with this conflict varies. A method of dealing with conflict is an important element of personality, the same as the four temperaments. This is connected to neuroticism, which is one of big five elements in personality psychology.
Methods of dealing with conflict don't have genetic factors, they develop according to experience. There are many methods that can be used to deal with conflict, which is dealing with emotions that occur simultaneously. This is also an important topic in psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis tells us that there are many methods for dealing with conflict such as repression, identification, or rationalization. We use one or more of these methods in effort to get through life's troubles. This is shown as the different personalities that people have.
The best way to end inner conflict is to solve the problem, but in many cases this is not possible.
This page lists the main ways to deal with conflict. Many of these methods to deal with conflict are undesirable, so you can make your life more beneficial by checking whether you use these methods or not. Those who want to learn more about this may do so by checking out books about psychoanalysis.
Repression: ignoring and forgetting conflicts. The person pretends as much as they can that the conflict did not happen, ignoring it and not thinking about it.
Identification: to imagine that one is an admirable person in order to forget conflicts. For example, people support an athlete and imagine the athlete's feelings as their own to drive off their own feelings at the time. Another option is they read historical novels and imagine themselves as the hero.
Rationalization: to justify the conflict using chop logic. This is the same logic as "Sour Grapes". People think about bad or trivial parts of what they did not do, they then think that they could not do it so it's not regrettable.
Projection: to impose your emotions on another person. People see their evil thoughts in another person's actions and think that it is not them but the other person who harbors ill will. This makes their emotions into the other person's emotions.
Substitution: to change a goal to one that is easier to attain, and then achieve it. For example, if your dream is very big, and you are troubled because it is too difficult to attain, so you change the goal to something easier.
Sublimation: to turn the energy from a conflict in another direction.
Escape: to daydream the conflict away.
Reaction Formation: to do the opposite of your desire in order to prevent an explosion of emotion.
Compensation: to enhance the good features in order to hide the weak points.
Regression: to directly express their emotion, like a child. If someone is brought up in a very blessed home environment, he or she may have only this one way of dealing with conflict even after they have become an adult.
Passive-aggressive behavior: to choose to do nothing despite having a conflict. This is considered aggressive because it is used when doing nothing will trouble everyone else. The person is satisfied with the situation in which he or she does nothing so he or she is not at fault even though other people are troubled.
Disassociation: to make a substitute personality to deal with conflict. Abused children may end up creating a new personality to try to erase the horrible memories. This is commonly known as multiple personality disorder.
A person's innate temperament does not change much but the ability to adjust it varies greatly. When several emotions are opposed to each other and a conflict occurs in the mind, the way different people deal with this conflict varies. A method of dealing with conflict is an important element of personality, the same as the four temperaments. This is connected to neuroticism, which is one of big five elements in personality psychology.
Methods of dealing with conflict don't have genetic factors, they develop according to experience. There are many methods that can be used to deal with conflict, which is dealing with emotions that occur simultaneously. This is also an important topic in psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis tells us that there are many methods for dealing with conflict such as repression, identification, or rationalization. We use one or more of these methods in effort to get through life's troubles. This is shown as the different personalities that people have.
The best way to end inner conflict is to solve the problem, but in many cases this is not possible.
This page lists the main ways to deal with conflict. Many of these methods to deal with conflict are undesirable, so you can make your life more beneficial by checking whether you use these methods or not. Those who want to learn more about this may do so by checking out books about psychoanalysis.
Repression: ignoring and forgetting conflicts. The person pretends as much as they can that the conflict did not happen, ignoring it and not thinking about it.
Identification: to imagine that one is an admirable person in order to forget conflicts. For example, people support an athlete and imagine the athlete's feelings as their own to drive off their own feelings at the time. Another option is they read historical novels and imagine themselves as the hero.
Rationalization: to justify the conflict using chop logic. This is the same logic as "Sour Grapes". People think about bad or trivial parts of what they did not do, they then think that they could not do it so it's not regrettable.
Projection: to impose your emotions on another person. People see their evil thoughts in another person's actions and think that it is not them but the other person who harbors ill will. This makes their emotions into the other person's emotions.
Substitution: to change a goal to one that is easier to attain, and then achieve it. For example, if your dream is very big, and you are troubled because it is too difficult to attain, so you change the goal to something easier.
Sublimation: to turn the energy from a conflict in another direction.
Escape: to daydream the conflict away.
Reaction Formation: to do the opposite of your desire in order to prevent an explosion of emotion.
Compensation: to enhance the good features in order to hide the weak points.
Regression: to directly express their emotion, like a child. If someone is brought up in a very blessed home environment, he or she may have only this one way of dealing with conflict even after they have become an adult.
Passive-aggressive behavior: to choose to do nothing despite having a conflict. This is considered aggressive because it is used when doing nothing will trouble everyone else. The person is satisfied with the situation in which he or she does nothing so he or she is not at fault even though other people are troubled.
Disassociation: to make a substitute personality to deal with conflict. Abused children may end up creating a new personality to try to erase the horrible memories. This is commonly known as multiple personality disorder.
2016年2月26日金曜日
Ｑ80. What is temperament?
Temperament is decided by putting curiosity, competitive spirit, wariness and attachment in order of strength.
The subject of this book is mainly how the three layer structure of temperament, personality and individuality work to decide a person's behavior. Temperament is inborn core traits of human beings, personality is acquired experiences added to temperament, and individuality is the whole existence including intellect and knowledge etc.
Temperament is the inborn and unchangeable parts of a person's behavior patterns.
Temperament can be understood by its connection to the seven basic emotions. Out of the seven basic emotions we can exclude repulsion, hope and surprise because repulsion is the opposite of interest, hope is intellect and surprise varies little between individuals. The order of strength of the remaining four emotions, fear, interest, love, and anger gives us the different temperaments.
Carry this further and interest become curiosity, anger becomes competitive spirit, fear becomes wariness and love becomes attachment. The order of strength of curiosity, competitive spirit, wariness and attachment gives us the temperaments.
This is not the mainstream personality classification. I am not saying that personality is divided into these four groups. Personality is decided by what kind of emotion occurs first when selecting an action.
When we choose an action we feel several emotions and we are attracted to several actions, but a person has only their own body, so only one action can be done. Therefore, we can predict a person's behavior based on which emotion usually wins.
A simple example; if you win a 1 million dollars in a lottery, what will you do?
If curiosity wins you may start a new hobby, and if competitive spirit wins you may invest to increase the money. If wariness wins you may save money in case you need it in the future, and if attachment wins you may use the money for your family. We can predict a person's actions in this way if we know their temperament.
This idea corresponds with the big five elements in personality psychology. Using statistics personality psychology found five elements of personality: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
This book interprets those five as follows: openness to experience corresponds to curiosity, conscientiousness corresponds to wariness, extraversion corresponds to competitive spirit, agreeableness corresponds to attachment, and neuroticism corresponds to the process for dealing with conflict.
The important point here is that neuroticism is clearly different from the other four categories. The other four categories are elements which give direction for the action, but neuroticism is an element which indicates the quantity of the actions.
This is supported by neuroscience, especially neurotransmitters. Attachment corresponds to sensitivity to oxytocin, curiosity corresponds to sensitivity to dopamine, wariness corresponds to sensitivity to serotonin or noradrenalin, competitive spirit corresponds to sensitivity to testosterone.
The subject of this book is mainly how the three layer structure of temperament, personality and individuality work to decide a person's behavior. Temperament is inborn core traits of human beings, personality is acquired experiences added to temperament, and individuality is the whole existence including intellect and knowledge etc.
Temperament is the inborn and unchangeable parts of a person's behavior patterns.
Temperament can be understood by its connection to the seven basic emotions. Out of the seven basic emotions we can exclude repulsion, hope and surprise because repulsion is the opposite of interest, hope is intellect and surprise varies little between individuals. The order of strength of the remaining four emotions, fear, interest, love, and anger gives us the different temperaments.
Carry this further and interest become curiosity, anger becomes competitive spirit, fear becomes wariness and love becomes attachment. The order of strength of curiosity, competitive spirit, wariness and attachment gives us the temperaments.
This is not the mainstream personality classification. I am not saying that personality is divided into these four groups. Personality is decided by what kind of emotion occurs first when selecting an action.
When we choose an action we feel several emotions and we are attracted to several actions, but a person has only their own body, so only one action can be done. Therefore, we can predict a person's behavior based on which emotion usually wins.
A simple example; if you win a 1 million dollars in a lottery, what will you do?
If curiosity wins you may start a new hobby, and if competitive spirit wins you may invest to increase the money. If wariness wins you may save money in case you need it in the future, and if attachment wins you may use the money for your family. We can predict a person's actions in this way if we know their temperament.
This idea corresponds with the big five elements in personality psychology. Using statistics personality psychology found five elements of personality: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
This book interprets those five as follows: openness to experience corresponds to curiosity, conscientiousness corresponds to wariness, extraversion corresponds to competitive spirit, agreeableness corresponds to attachment, and neuroticism corresponds to the process for dealing with conflict.
The important point here is that neuroticism is clearly different from the other four categories. The other four categories are elements which give direction for the action, but neuroticism is an element which indicates the quantity of the actions.
This is supported by neuroscience, especially neurotransmitters. Attachment corresponds to sensitivity to oxytocin, curiosity corresponds to sensitivity to dopamine, wariness corresponds to sensitivity to serotonin or noradrenalin, competitive spirit corresponds to sensitivity to testosterone.
2016年2月13日土曜日
Ｑ79. What do we need to understand other people?
We need to understand ways of thinking which are different from our own.
After emotion, let's examine personality, which is an arrangement of emotions.
Why do we often misunderstand others, or get puzzled by another person's actions?
The answer to this problem is with our thought process. To guess what a person is thinking we usually imagine that we are the other person. In other words, we think of how we would feel if we were the other person. However, this guess will not be correct unless the other person has the same personality as us.
Therefore, we cannot understand people with a different personality from ours even if we stand in their position. You and other people are different people.
If we want to understand others we need to learn what the difference between the personalities is.
The Burnham Effect is famous in psychology. It is a tendency to feel that an explanation of your personality is correct when you read it. For example, you are always brooding, you have an irresponsible side, you are two-faced, or you are not steady and cannot make long commitments.
Human personality has a complicated structure, and normally has every kind of feature. Whether they are expressed or not is the only difference. So there is no meaning for personality descriptions such as short-tempered, or suspicious because absolutely everyone has aspects of these. If you wonder if a trait is true and think about it, you can always find it.
Therefore we cannot understand human personality by expressions which are ambiguous and lack conditions like those previously stated.
When we talk about personality, what do people truly want to know about the other person?
It is useless to make predictions about instances in which all people would do the same action. For example, people escape from a fire. All people do the same thing so there is no relation to personality. I think that what people want to know is what action the other person would choose from among several options.
So well made personality classification can predict the target person's action when he or she can freely select from options.
We first check whether a person is the same type as us by using a proper personality classification based on actions, and then imagine their mind, and finally we can understand another person well.
After emotion, let's examine personality, which is an arrangement of emotions.
Why do we often misunderstand others, or get puzzled by another person's actions?
The answer to this problem is with our thought process. To guess what a person is thinking we usually imagine that we are the other person. In other words, we think of how we would feel if we were the other person. However, this guess will not be correct unless the other person has the same personality as us.
Therefore, we cannot understand people with a different personality from ours even if we stand in their position. You and other people are different people.
If we want to understand others we need to learn what the difference between the personalities is.
The Burnham Effect is famous in psychology. It is a tendency to feel that an explanation of your personality is correct when you read it. For example, you are always brooding, you have an irresponsible side, you are two-faced, or you are not steady and cannot make long commitments.
Human personality has a complicated structure, and normally has every kind of feature. Whether they are expressed or not is the only difference. So there is no meaning for personality descriptions such as short-tempered, or suspicious because absolutely everyone has aspects of these. If you wonder if a trait is true and think about it, you can always find it.
Therefore we cannot understand human personality by expressions which are ambiguous and lack conditions like those previously stated.
When we talk about personality, what do people truly want to know about the other person?
It is useless to make predictions about instances in which all people would do the same action. For example, people escape from a fire. All people do the same thing so there is no relation to personality. I think that what people want to know is what action the other person would choose from among several options.
So well made personality classification can predict the target person's action when he or she can freely select from options.
We first check whether a person is the same type as us by using a proper personality classification based on actions, and then imagine their mind, and finally we can understand another person well.
2016年1月31日日曜日
Ｑ78. What is shyness?
Shyness is an urge to hide delight.
Shyness is an emotion that branches out from delight depending on the situation.
Some people don't openly feel delight but feel shy when the situation is also delightful.
People feel shy when they receive a compliment from others, they think, "Don't praise me too much." A person blushes when being teased after getting too excited. We can say that shyness occurs from recognizing that you are being praised too much.
Shyness develops from experience. Failure after something delightful, or failure because of getting carried away or elated makes shyness. Wariness occurs in delight, and it suppresses the excitement.
This is why they are blushing but they smile, which differentiates it from shame. They are blushing because of the conflict between delight and suppressing it.
The actions of feeling shy are varied. The common actions include hiding, running away, or covering it up by talking a lot. People sometimes are seen giving weak attacks such as lightly hitting the other person's shoulder.
Shyness tells others that the person is not arrogant. Shyness has the effect of decreasing ill will. If someone receives a compliment coolly that person will be thought of as cool but not easy to make friends with, so shyness works to avoid this.
Males tend to like women who show shyness. This is thought to be because shyness is used as an indicator of age, and males have an inclination to want to surpass others.
Actions of shyness function to say, "I don't want you to think this is usual from now on." Shyness makes people avoid excessive expectations and responsibilities which exceeds their abilities. People will easily reject another's request after seeing actions of shyness, which in turn reduces failures in the future.
Shyness can give a good impression to others, but it also has the effect of lowering your value and impairs your dignity. However, There is a way to avoid this and gain confidence. It is called humility.
Humility is to consciously carry out the function of shyness. This is because shyness is too childish of a response. Most actions of shyness are physical expressions, on the other hand, humility is expressed by the contents of language. People show their maturity through making shyness one of their abilities by replacing the actions of shyness with well-conceived language.
Shyness is an emotion that branches out from delight depending on the situation.
Some people don't openly feel delight but feel shy when the situation is also delightful.
People feel shy when they receive a compliment from others, they think, "Don't praise me too much." A person blushes when being teased after getting too excited. We can say that shyness occurs from recognizing that you are being praised too much.
Shyness develops from experience. Failure after something delightful, or failure because of getting carried away or elated makes shyness. Wariness occurs in delight, and it suppresses the excitement.
This is why they are blushing but they smile, which differentiates it from shame. They are blushing because of the conflict between delight and suppressing it.
The actions of feeling shy are varied. The common actions include hiding, running away, or covering it up by talking a lot. People sometimes are seen giving weak attacks such as lightly hitting the other person's shoulder.
Shyness tells others that the person is not arrogant. Shyness has the effect of decreasing ill will. If someone receives a compliment coolly that person will be thought of as cool but not easy to make friends with, so shyness works to avoid this.
Males tend to like women who show shyness. This is thought to be because shyness is used as an indicator of age, and males have an inclination to want to surpass others.
Actions of shyness function to say, "I don't want you to think this is usual from now on." Shyness makes people avoid excessive expectations and responsibilities which exceeds their abilities. People will easily reject another's request after seeing actions of shyness, which in turn reduces failures in the future.
Shyness can give a good impression to others, but it also has the effect of lowering your value and impairs your dignity. However, There is a way to avoid this and gain confidence. It is called humility.
Humility is to consciously carry out the function of shyness. This is because shyness is too childish of a response. Most actions of shyness are physical expressions, on the other hand, humility is expressed by the contents of language. People show their maturity through making shyness one of their abilities by replacing the actions of shyness with well-conceived language.
Ｑ77. What is gratitude?
Gratitude is an urge in which delight comes from another's ability.
Gratitude is an emotion that branches out from delight depending on the situation.
Delight is a form of self-presentation in a group. However, depending on the situation there are things that you should not present to others.
If you use another's ability delight is not a suitable emotion because delight's purpose is self-presentation. For example, a child gets a toy from a relative other than its parents and shouts, "Yay!" At this time the parents teach the child telling them, "Say thank you." As a result the child learns to feel gratitude when he or she feels delight from other people's actions. Gratitude requires disciplining like with shame and guilt.
For example, gratitude occurs when delight is caused by others, such as you receive a lot of money from friends when you have trouble with money.
A behavior of gratitude is smiling, but if you feel it too strongly you may cry. People may bow their head to show gratitude. "Thank you," is a phrase of gratitude. If the emotion is too strong people may go down on their knees and bow their heads to the floor. It is a signal saying "I will repay you someday."
Gratitude shows good will towards the person who brought delight to you. Gratitude promotes altruistic behaviors and improves human relationships. It strengthens the bond of a group.
When soccer players score a goal they often thank God. This kind of thought is also developed as an effect of gratitude, which strengthens the bond of the group. Regarding everything as by the grace of God, and every person in group gives thanks to same God, this has the effect of decreasing friction in human relationships. This reduces the effect of pushing others away that delight has, and avoids arousing the jealousy of others.Ｑ77. What is gratitude?
Gratitude is an urge in which delight comes from another's ability.
Gratitude is an emotion that branches out from delight depending on the situation.
Delight is a form of self-presentation in a group. However, depending on the situation there are things that you should not present to others.
If you use another's ability delight is not a suitable emotion because delight's purpose is self-presentation. For example, a child gets a toy from a relative other than its parents and shouts, "Yay!" At this time the parents teach the child telling them, "Say thank you." As a result the child learns to feel gratitude when he or she feels delight from other people's actions. Gratitude requires disciplining like with shame and guilt.
For example, gratitude occurs when delight is caused by others, such as you receive a lot of money from friends when you have trouble with money.
A behavior of gratitude is smiling, but if you feel it too strongly you may cry. People may bow their head to show gratitude. "Thank you," is a phrase of gratitude. If the emotion is too strong people may go down on their knees and bow their heads to the floor. It is a signal saying "I will repay you someday."
Gratitude shows good will towards the person who brought delight to you. Gratitude promotes altruistic behaviors and improves human relationships. It strengthens the bond of a group.
When soccer players score a goal they often thank God. This kind of thought is also developed as an effect of gratitude, which strengthens the bond of the group. Regarding everything as by the grace of God, and every person in group gives thanks to same God, this has the effect of decreasing friction in human relationships. This reduces the effect of pushing others away that delight has, and avoids arousing the jealousy of others.
Gratitude is an emotion that branches out from delight depending on the situation.
Delight is a form of self-presentation in a group. However, depending on the situation there are things that you should not present to others.
If you use another's ability delight is not a suitable emotion because delight's purpose is self-presentation. For example, a child gets a toy from a relative other than its parents and shouts, "Yay!" At this time the parents teach the child telling them, "Say thank you." As a result the child learns to feel gratitude when he or she feels delight from other people's actions. Gratitude requires disciplining like with shame and guilt.
For example, gratitude occurs when delight is caused by others, such as you receive a lot of money from friends when you have trouble with money.
A behavior of gratitude is smiling, but if you feel it too strongly you may cry. People may bow their head to show gratitude. "Thank you," is a phrase of gratitude. If the emotion is too strong people may go down on their knees and bow their heads to the floor. It is a signal saying "I will repay you someday."
Gratitude shows good will towards the person who brought delight to you. Gratitude promotes altruistic behaviors and improves human relationships. It strengthens the bond of a group.
When soccer players score a goal they often thank God. This kind of thought is also developed as an effect of gratitude, which strengthens the bond of the group. Regarding everything as by the grace of God, and every person in group gives thanks to same God, this has the effect of decreasing friction in human relationships. This reduces the effect of pushing others away that delight has, and avoids arousing the jealousy of others.Ｑ77. What is gratitude?
Gratitude is an urge in which delight comes from another's ability.
Gratitude is an emotion that branches out from delight depending on the situation.
Delight is a form of self-presentation in a group. However, depending on the situation there are things that you should not present to others.
If you use another's ability delight is not a suitable emotion because delight's purpose is self-presentation. For example, a child gets a toy from a relative other than its parents and shouts, "Yay!" At this time the parents teach the child telling them, "Say thank you." As a result the child learns to feel gratitude when he or she feels delight from other people's actions. Gratitude requires disciplining like with shame and guilt.
For example, gratitude occurs when delight is caused by others, such as you receive a lot of money from friends when you have trouble with money.
A behavior of gratitude is smiling, but if you feel it too strongly you may cry. People may bow their head to show gratitude. "Thank you," is a phrase of gratitude. If the emotion is too strong people may go down on their knees and bow their heads to the floor. It is a signal saying "I will repay you someday."
Gratitude shows good will towards the person who brought delight to you. Gratitude promotes altruistic behaviors and improves human relationships. It strengthens the bond of a group.
When soccer players score a goal they often thank God. This kind of thought is also developed as an effect of gratitude, which strengthens the bond of the group. Regarding everything as by the grace of God, and every person in group gives thanks to same God, this has the effect of decreasing friction in human relationships. This reduces the effect of pushing others away that delight has, and avoids arousing the jealousy of others.
Ｑ76. What is nostalgia?
Nostalgia is delight from recalling the past.
The mechanism of delight produces some special situations.
One is nostalgia, a perk of delight's system. Nostalgia is a variation of delight.
We feel nostalgia when remembering events from our childhood for example. This is made by the system of delight when the present situation corresponds with a happy memory from the past. The difference is that the delight is from remembering the past, not a prediction of the future.
People feel nostalgia when they are reunited with a close childhood friend, or from seeing a memento. However, actions of nostalgia are generally weak in response to nostalgia being weaker than delight.
If a man and woman who were only acquaintances and not really friends when in school meet again as adults, they sometimes fall in love. This is because the delight of nostalgia strengthened their relationship.
The mechanism of delight produces some special situations.
One is nostalgia, a perk of delight's system. Nostalgia is a variation of delight.
We feel nostalgia when remembering events from our childhood for example. This is made by the system of delight when the present situation corresponds with a happy memory from the past. The difference is that the delight is from remembering the past, not a prediction of the future.
People feel nostalgia when they are reunited with a close childhood friend, or from seeing a memento. However, actions of nostalgia are generally weak in response to nostalgia being weaker than delight.
If a man and woman who were only acquaintances and not really friends when in school meet again as adults, they sometimes fall in love. This is because the delight of nostalgia strengthened their relationship.
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