Ｑ45.What is surprise?

Ａ.Surprise is a response in which thought and motion suddenly stop.<br>
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　　The third basic emotion is surprise.<br>
　　When we are surprised our eyebrows raise, our forehead wrinkles, our eyes open wide, and our mouth becomes round. This facial expression is a signal to draw attention, the same as interest, as if to say, "There is something strange here", as well as a signal for wanting time like saying, "Wait a minute!"<br>
　　After surprise there are two kinds of actions: briefly ceasing actions, and jumping up in surprise. Which action is taken is decided by whether the cause of surprise is an emergency or not. We will jump up in cases where our body is directly touched. We will focus on the cause of a surprise seen on television.<br>
　　We easily say surprise, but there actually two kinds of surprise. One is a surprise to the body, and the other is a surprise to the mind. A surprise to the body is derived from fear; whereas a surprise to the mind is derived from interest.<br>
　　A surprise to the mind, for instance, occurs when hearing about a celebrity's death, or a serious incident on television. We stop moving and closely watch the cause of the surprise.<br>
　　A surprise to the body occurs when, for instance, something pops out from a jack-in-the-box, or a person is walking down a hallway and another person suddenly comes rushing by. We automatically avoid it or get ready to protect ourselves. Then we stop moving and closely observe the source once we are safe.<br>
　　We always act while making predictions about our surroundings. This includes conscious and unconscious predictions. We are surprised when our predictions are wrong.<br>
　　We will not be surprised by things that are irrelevant to our predictions. We are not surprised by that which is unknown and we cannot form a hypothesis about no matter how tremendous it is. For example, if you tell someone who is not interested in astronomy about Steven Hawking's cosmology, that person will likely not be surprised. Most people seen when walking along the road will not be surprised if you tell them that Steven Hawking said black holes will naturally disappear. That person may think you are strange.<br>
　　 Surprise is an identification of something urgent. A thing which has no connection to you is not an emergency so it will not surprise you.<br>
　　 In this way we decrease bodily harm by preparing to protect ourselves or avoiding the source. Having the eyes wide open helps to carefully observe the problem, and so that we can speculate the cause and correct old knowledge.<br>
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